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11/08/2020

Utilisation Changes in the Emirates Fleet - Does This Signify the Demise of the A380?

There is a growing realisation that the Airbus A380 programme may have been short lived: with first deliveries of the aircraft type in October 2007, the industry was surprised to note the first A380 retirement in August 2017 - not one full decade later and well short of the expected 20 to 30 year life span of a commercial aircraft. Did the initial retirement, the subsequent retirement of three more examples, and the impact of Covid-19 sound the death knell for the A380 programme?

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Emirates A380 Fleet Status

According to InsightIQ, as of 1st of August, 2020, Emirates has a fleet of 247 passenger aircraft that consist of 132 Boeing 777 family aircraft and 115 A380 family aircraft. The A380 represents 47% of the overall fleet size, at an average of 6.3 years and the older frames reaching 13 years of age.

 

In this analysis, IBA explores the utilisation changes in Emirates' Airbus A380 fleet over the January to July 2019 period versus the January to July 2020 period, with the view that changes in utilisation rates with the largest operator of the aircraft type provide a good indication as to the future of the programme.

 

Figure 1 above shows the fleet status and utilisation changes of the Emirates A380 fleet for the January to July 2020 period. We note that although 12 of Emirates' A380s have returned to active service as of 25th July 2020, those aircraft have collectively flown less than 30 flight hours in total. The average daily utilisation for each active aircraft declined from approximately 12.3 hours per day on the 1st January to 2.2 hours on the 31st July, indicating severe under utilisation of the active fleet. For the days which each aircraft was active, the average FH:FC ratio declined from 7.3:1 at the end of July 2019 to 4.3:1 at the end of July 2020.

 

In the period from January to July 2020, Emirates conducted 13,449 flights with its fleet of 115 A380s, compared to 34,520 flights conducted over January to July 2019 with 112 A380s, representing a decline of 61% year on year (YoY). Until the end of February 2020 Emirates had flown 6.7% more seats on their A380s fleet than in 2019, however, by the end of March 2020, flown seats declined by 99.9% YoY as the entire A380 fleet was grounded.

 

Until the end of February 2020, average monthly A380 utilisation remained similar to that of 2019, at approximately 350 FH per month. However, the average daily utilisation for July 2020 declined to 14 FH per month. The A380s were in use at an average of 2.1 days per month in July 2020, compared to an average of 27 days in July 2019.

 

Between April and June 2020, there were very few noteworthy flights conducted by A380s except for some repatriation flights to London Heathrow in April, in addition to a few repositioning flights for storage/maintenance to Dubai DWC airport.

 

Replaced by 777

The top routes operated by Emirates' A380s did not change significantly over the January to July 2019 versus January to July 2020 period: with the top five routes being Dubai International Airport to London Heathrow, Bangkok Suvarnabhumi Airport, Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport, London Gatwick Airport, and Manchester Airport. While we note some very minor utilisation of the A380s so far in July 2020, with 17 return flights to London-Heathrow and Paris-Charles de Gaulle each, Emirates traditional A380 routes are currently being served by 777s on at least the LHR route, with 81 return flights undertaken in July 2020 compared to zero flights in July 2019.

 

Emirates Boeing 777 & A380 Fleet Status

We note this trend in Figure 2 which shows Emirates' Boeing 777 fleet returning to service and gaining utilisation much more rapidly than the A380 fleet. There are potentially a number of reasons for this, with lower cash operating costs, low seat capacity to match depressed demand due to Covid-19 being key among them.

 

Figure 3 illustrates the Emirates A380 fleet flight hours in 2019 and 2020. In the same period of Jan-July 2019, Emirates' A380 fleet spent almost 250,000 hours in the air, compared to 100,000 hours in 2020. The drop in flying hours is seemingly due to Emirates withdrawing its A380s from service and instead operating these routes with the Boeing 777 fleet. IBA notes other routes where B777s have substituted A380s include: Dubai to Auckland (flight time approx. 18hr), Los Angeles (flight time approx. 16hr) and Sydney (flight time approx. 13hr), which prior to March 2020, were only served with the A380. The decline in the use of the A380 has also affected Emirates ultra-long haul flights, such as Dubai to Auckland, now it appears to be operated with the Boeing 777 with an intermediate stop in Bangkok.

 

In May 2020, Emirates President Tim Clark announced that the "A380 is dead" and that the A350 and 787 will have a place in Emirates fleet, however, Mr. Clark has also indicated that Emirates has no immediate plans to retire the A380s prematurely. At the same time, unconfirmed rumours emerged that Emirates has already started looking at retiring the A380s in the future, with plans to retire 46 Airbus A380 by 2027 which represents 19% of the fleet.

 

The data presented appears to support Mr. Clarks past comments. In what appears to be a recovery period for Emirates in July 2020, the Airbus A380 seems to be much slower out of the gates than the airline's Boeing 777 fleet, with lower demand and therefore less need for seat capacity driving these decisions. We note a number of Emirate's top routes are now being served by the Boeing 777. We also note a number of the airline's A380s have been moved to storage. It certainly seems as though Emirates is in no hurry to return its A380s to service, and with predictions of recovery to 2019 levels of passenger traffic expected in 2024, it appears the A380 may have fallen out of favour even with its largest operator for the foreseeable future.

 

If you have any further questions or comments please get in touch: Rami Abdel Aziz, Aviation Analyst

 

The data used within this analysis was derived from InsightIQ our leading online data intelligence platform. The intuitive system gives you an instant connection to your portfolio values, historical data, utilisation of aircraft, fleet data and visibility into trends, risk and the impact of macro- economic variables.

 

Discover what makes InsightIQ the leading aviation intelligence platform

 

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Positive Outlook for Boeing's 777X: Post-Pandemic Optimism Surrounds Twin-Engine Widebodies.

In response to the Airbus A350 program, Boeing unveiled its revamped 777X model with plans to fly it in 2017 and an entry into service date of 2019. Designated to become the largest twin-engine widebody and equipped with the latest General Electric GE9X engines and folding Wingtips, the Boeing 777X aircraft attracted a total of 66 orders in 2013. These consisted of orders from Lufthansa (20), Etihad Airways (25) and Cathay Pacific Airways (21). Emirates, in the following year, recorded the largest single order of 150 Boeing 777X models, which were then supplemented by 50 orders from Qatar Airways and 20 from ANA in the same year. Therefore, the number of orders received in 2014 accounted for over 60% of the aggregate order number for the Boeing 777X to date, according to IBA.iQ, as of July 2020.   The twin-engine widebody has seen little growth in its order book since 2015, receiving only 58 orders from three airlines and one unidentified customer. Its latest confirmed order for 18 aircraft came from IAG and was announced at the 2019 Paris Air Show. The challenges of attracting more 777X orders stem not only from manufacturing delays caused by unexpected wear on the GE9X engine compressor, but also a combination of key external factors including widebody secondary market oversupply, the low fuel environment and the 737 MAX grounding. These negative influences have been amplified by the Covid-19 outbreak.   In light of the global pandemic, extra-large widebodies such as the Airbus A380 and Boeing 747 aircraft have been downgraded and their retirements from existing fleets accelerated. This indicates demand in this sector has been significantly cut and oversupply has been exacerbated. In addition to the early retirements, airline customers have been considering delaying deliveries of the Boeing 777X aircraft. Both Emirates and Lufthansa, both of which initially planned to receive their first 777X deliveries in 2020, have rescheduled for 2021 according to Boeing. The German national carrier is committing to a 2021 delivery despite the slowdown in its programme because of the pandemic.   In November 2019 Boeing reported a change to its 777X orderbook, disclosing that Emirates exercised an order conversion for 30 B777X to the B787-9 aircraft and 11 confirmed B777X to options. At the same time, Emirates revealed that six of its 777-300ER orders were converted to the B777X which resulted in a total of 115 confirmed B777X orders in its current backlog. Due to Covid-19's impact on travel and the consequent imposition of global restrictions, airlines have been struggling and seeking out financial support so they can survive the unprecedented situation. Global downsizing in the fleets of airline companies has already begun and OEMs have introduced further cuts in their production lines, with the Boeing 777/777X combined production rate to be reduced to three per month in 2021.   IBA has reviewed the current order backlog and the corresponding delivery stream of the Boeing 777/777X family so as to illustrate and highlight the plausible alternations to both order and delivery characteristics as a result of Covid-19. In this analysis, we are focusing on the current balance of Boeing 777/777X passenger aircraft orders received so far and excluding any speculative future orders. Please also note that the delivery figures in 2020 represent the whole year and do not include aircraft which have been built but not yet delivered due to the pandemic. Based on data from IBA.iQ, there were 309 Boeing 777X aircraft in Boeing's orderbook as of January 2020 plus 35 Boeing 777-300ERs and two 777-200LR aircraft which are expected to be delivered between 2020 and 2023. Due to the Covid-19 outbreak, Boeing has rescheduled introduction of its first 777-9X aircraft until at least 2021 and its 777-8X model until the following year. Therefore, the forecasted delivery pattern will inevitably be reshaped in the post-Covid era.   In view of the delivery schedule alterations prompted by Covid, we have considered two scenarios regarding Boeing 777/777X future deliveries. In the 'Base Case' scenario, we assume all orders in the current backlog will be fulfilled. However, since Boeing has adjusted its production rate for the B777/777X family, the subsequent production ramp-up for the 777Xs will be deferred by approximately 4-6 years.   Although air passenger traffic has begun to slowly recover from the global pandemic, we believe Covid-19's impact on the global aviation industry will be long lasting. As airlines continue to file for bankruptcy or to enter Chapter 11 rejection scenarios, and the threat of a plausible second wave persists, any potential V-Shaped recovery is a long way off. Hence, it is essential we evaluate and prepare for a prolonged post-Covid crisis, which we define as the worst-case scenario in this analysis.   While Boeing continues its 777X testing program, some airlines question the likelihood of an entry into commercial service occurring in 2021, as is currently planned. This concern has recently been highlighted by its largest customer, Emirates, in a recent interview with Bloomberg. Since Emirates expects its first delivery no sooner than 2022, we have adjusted the entry into service date of the first B777X aircraft to 2022 in our 'Post-Covid Crisis Case'. In aggregate, we expect around one fifth of Boeing 777X current orders to be either converted to other models or cancelled in this 'Crisis Case'. This is mainly due to airlines being desperate to ameliorate their balance sheets by removing their order burdens to help them survive the aftermath of Covid. Moreover, international travel demand is expected to take much longer to recover, which will significantly affect widebody operators. In April 2020, Cathay Pacific was contemplating adjustments to its B777X order, including lengthy delivery deferrals and the possibility of switching to the Boeing 787-10. Troubled Lufthansa is currently negotiating a restructuring deal with its shareholders, which might include a requirement to trim or remove its Boeing 777X commitment. The German flagship carrier already operates 16 Airbus 350-900s and has an additional 27 in its backlog.   Turning to the Boeing 777-300ER order backlog, we believe it will be challenging to deliver all remaining orders. In 2012, Pakistan International Airlines placed an order for five 777-300ER aircraft which has since been in hibernation for over eight years. This order is likely to be converted to other Boeing aircraft types since the airline deposited US$ 50M when they made the purchase order. In addition, 15 777-300ER aircraft were ordered between 2014 and 2015 by unidentified customer(s) and are waiting to be delivered. However, many more aircraft have since been ordered and have already been delivered, leaving the future of the undisclosed orders uncertain.   Although the Post Covid 'Crisis' scenario for the future of the Boeing 777X family seems pessimistic, some airline customers remain positive about the newly developed widebody. In June 2020, Qatar Airways announced it will retire its entire fleet of Boeing 777-200LR and 777-300ER aircraft over the next four years. This will pave the way for the Boeing 777X. Since it will also accelerate retirements of its A330s in the near term and its A380 fleet by 2028, it is likely that Qatar will place some top-up orders for Boeing 777X models in the future. According to IBA.iQ, the Middle East carrier currently has 10 B777-8 and 50 B777-9 aircraft in its backlog.   Apart from Qatar Airways, both Emirates and Etihad Airways show appetite for more Boeing 777X aircraft in their future fleets. Being the largest operator of both the Boeing B777-300ER (133) and the Airbus A380-800 (115), we expect Emirates will require more widebodies to fill the void created by the early retirements of its A380 fleet. Since there are more Boeing 777X in its backlog than the Airbus A350 family, the future top-up order will lean towards Boeing. Etihad expects to need more widebodies once it recovers from the current pandemic, and its orders are likely to be for B777Xs or A350s.   In order to examine which airlines are likely to place orders for Boeing 777Xs in the future, we have created an illustrative chart which presents each airline with a score on an index of 10, 10 being the maximum and 0 the minimum. Essentially, the airline score index is an overview of a number of criteria which we're applying to assess the possibility of any future B777X orders. From an operational perspective, important elements include whether the airlines have any existing B777X orders or orders from competitive models such as the A350 and B787. We also consider whether the airline operates B777 family aircraft or has any A380s or B747s in its current fleet. The model takes several financial criteria into account as well, such as whether the airline required financial aid to overcome the Covid crisis, how the airline's financial status compares with the previous year and the forecast of its financial status in the near future.     Based on the criteria mentioned above, we have established a chart which includes 20 airlines that are more or less likely to place future Boeing 777X orders. Most of the listed airlines are national flagship carriers which have wide international routes in their network, such as Air China, Saudi Arabian Airlines, ANA and Korean Air. Further, international airlines like Eva Air and Bamboo Airways are among the B777X's potential customers. Bamboo Airways has also been considering the 777X for US routes in forthcoming years. Many B777-300ER operators in Europe or North America have chosen to switch either to A350s, for example Aeroflot and Turkish Airlines, or to scale down to the B787 as a replacement, as in the case of Air Canada and American Airlines. Hence, potential bidders for the B777X are mainly from the Middle East and Asia Pacific regions. Although the Boeing 777X will eventually enter into service and gradually replace old variants, Boeing's 777-300ER will remain a significant figure in this market segment with nearly 800 in-service units operating as of July 2020. A combination of the low fuel environment, the delayed B777X programme and the high popularity of large twin-engine widebodies has resulted in a recent increase in B777-300ER lease extensions.   In October 2019, freighter conversion specialist Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) and leasing giant GECAS unveiled the designated B777-300ER Special Freighter, with a launch order of 15 firm conversions and 15 options. In early June, GECAS delivered a B777-300ER to IAI for freighter conversion, which will become the prototype B777-300ERSF. Since the Boeing 777-300/300ER is the most popular aircraft type to be operated as a temporary freighter in the Coronavirus lockdown period, prospects for the B777-300ER freighter conversion programme look promising. The table below illustrates the passenger aircraft types which were employed as temporary freighters as of June.     The market value and lease rates of mid-aged or older Boeing 777-300ER aircraft have been relatively stable compared with other similar widebody types. Current owners and operators of this type are more likely to hold onto the asset as potential feedstock for the converted Special Freighter, which has 25% more cargo capacity than the standard B777 freighter but maintains 90% commonality with its B777F counterpart. Even though a proposed 777X freighter is expected in the long-term, the initial B777 freighters will be approximately 10 years old by 2025. So far, Boeing has been vague about the specifications of its 777X freighter. All we know is that it is likely to be based on the smaller variant Boeing 777-8, which will be six meters longer than the Boeing 777-200LRF freighter.   Despite prospects for large widebody aircraft having been dented by the global pandemic, we remain positive about the future of Boeing's 777X programme. Since most 777-300ER orders have been followed by its entry into service, we expect the 777X to perform similarly. However, we doubt order numbers will overtake those of the 777-300ER model due to direct competition from the Airbus A350 family which has comfortably occupied this market sector. Unlike the Airbus A380 and Boeing 747 aircraft which are currently facing early retirement or fleet downsizing, the performance of twin-engine widebodies remains relatively consistent. As some airlines start to phase out their Boeing 777 fleet over the coming decade, we are likely to witness Boeing 777X family aircraft in the portfolios of the Middle East and Asia-Pacific flag carriers.   Please contact Jie Zhou, our Senior Aviation Analyst, if you have any further questions, comments or feedback on the analysis discussed.   The data featured within this article is derived from IBA.iQ, our leading platform for aviation intelligence. We are currently offering free system demonstrations, sign up here.

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